The railway route refers to the total distance of railway tracks used for train operations, including main lines, branch lines, and freight corridors. It is a critical component of a nation’s transport infrastructure, which offers an efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable mode of transport for passengers and goods. Railway routes connect urban and rural areas and promote regional integration and economic growth. Furthermore, it also plays a key role in reducing road congestion, minimizing carbon emissions, and supporting industries like agriculture, mining, and manufacturing by enabling the seamless movement of raw materials and finished goods. In densely populated countries, expanding railway routes enhances accessibility and fosters equitable development by linking underserved regions. Innovations such as high-speed rail, electrification, and smart signalling systems are improving route efficiency and safety. Effective railway route planning and investment are essential for achieving long-term economic development goals, environmental sustainability, and improved quality of life.