Public health expenditure refers to the financial resources spent by governments and institutions to promote, protect, and improve the health of populations. This includes funding for healthcare services such as hospitals, clinics, preventive care, vaccination programs, and health education campaigns. Public health expenditure also covers investments in infrastructure, sanitation, medical research, and policy initiatives aimed at controlling infectious diseases, addressing health inequalities, and enhancing overall public well-being.

Governments typically allocate a portion of their budgets to ensure that healthcare services are accessible and affordable to all citizens, particularly marginalized and vulnerable groups. This expenditure is critical in maintaining public health systems, ensuring preparedness for health emergencies, and supporting ongoing efforts to improve life expectancy and reduce disease burdens. Effective public health expenditure is essential for achieving broader societal goals such as economic development, social equity, and sustainable development.