Kind of service restricted under Internet Shutdowns In India from 2012 to 2024

The data reveals a clear pattern in how internet shutdowns have been implemented in India over the 13-year period from 2012 to 2024, with mobile internet being the most frequently targeted. In the early years (2012-2013), all documented internet shutdowns were majorly affected by restrictions on mobile internet network services. This reflects both the technical ease of shutting down mobile networks through cellular operators and the strategic intent to restrict communication among the broader population, given that mobile internet is the primary mode of access for most Indians. The trend of predominantly targeting mobile internet services continued and intensified significantly between 2016 and 2020. Mobile-only shutdowns peaked in 2018, with 128 instances—about 94% of all shutdowns that year. This suggests that authorities were more focused on restricting the flow of information and public communication rather than completely cutting off internet access across all platforms. Interestingly, shutdowns that affected both mobile and broadband services remained relatively uncommon for most of the period. However, there was a noticeable spike in 2020, with 29 such cases—nearly four times higher than the previous year. This coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic and various political events, hinting at heightened security concerns that led to broader restrictions. Another significant rise in combined shutdowns was observed in 2023, with 26 instances, possibly indicating a shift toward more comprehensive internet control in recent years. The data also shows inconsistencies in documentation, with a notable number of cases categorized as “Information Not Available,” particularly in 2017 (19 instances) and 2023 (27 instances). This points to transparency issues and the challenges of accurately tracking internet restrictions. While mobile internet shutdowns continue to be the dominant approach, the increasing number of combined shutdowns in recent years suggests that broader internet restrictions might be on the rise. This trend raises concerns about digital access, freedom of expression, and the economic consequences of widespread internet disruptions in a country that is rapidly moving toward digital dependence.