Population density refers to the number of people living per unit of land area, commonly measured in persons per square kilometre or square mile. It is a critical concept in demography and geography, as it provides insight into how human populations are distributed across different regions. The significance of population density extends beyond its essential numerical value, impacting several aspects of society and the environment. High population density in urban areas can lead to challenges such as overcrowding and increased demand for infrastructure, housing, healthcare, and social services. It also influences economic development, as densely populated areas tend to have greater access to markets and labour but may face issues like congestion and pollution. Conversely, low population density often characterizes rural or remote areas where access to services, economic opportunities, and infrastructure might be limited, affecting quality of life and economic growth. Moreover, population density is central to urban planning and resource allocation. Governments and planners use density metrics to make informed decisions about infrastructure development, zoning, transportation networks, and environmental sustainability. Thus, understanding population density helps address the balance between population growth, resource management, and environmental conservation.