Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions per capita refer to the average CO₂ emitted by an individual in a specific country or region over a set period, typically one year. This measure is calculated by dividing the total CO₂ emissions of a country, which includes emissions from burning fossil fuels, industrial activities, and deforestation, by its population. Expressed in metric tons of CO₂ per person per year, it provides insight into the environmental impact of human activities at the individual level.

The importance of CO₂ emissions per capita lies in its ability to highlight differences in carbon footprints across countries, regions, and individuals. It reflects the relationship between economic development, energy consumption, and environmental degradation. Higher per capita emissions are typically linked to industrialized nations with energy-intensive lifestyles, while lower emissions may indicate less industrial activity or more sustainable energy use. By understanding CO₂ emissions per capita, policymakers can identify targets for reducing emissions and promote more sustainable practices, contributing to global efforts to mitigate climate change. Tracking this metric is crucial for designing fair and effective policies addressing economic development and environmental sustainability.