India’s defence export ecosystem is measured through three key indicators that reflect the breadth of its military export performance: (a) Export Authorisations to Private Companies, (b) SCOMET items issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), and (c) Exports by Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs). Export Authorisations to Private Companies refer to official permits granted to private Indian defence manufacturers to export military-grade equipment, technologies, or systems. These authorisations signify the growing role of the private sector in India’s defence manufacturing and exports under initiatives like ‘Make in India’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. SCOMET (Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies) items are dual-use goods—i.e., products that can be used for both civilian and military purposes. The DGFT issues licenses for the export of these items under India’s Foreign Trade Policy. Exports under the SCOMET category are crucial to understanding India’s contribution to high-technology and strategic trade sectors. Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) are state-owned enterprises engaged in manufacturing defence equipment and platforms. Exports by DPSUs represent India’s traditional base of defence production and their ability to meet foreign demand, especially from friendly foreign countries under government-to-government agreements.