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The availability of power per capita is a key indicator of a nation’s energy efficiency, development, and quality of life. It measures the average electricity available to each individual within a country over a specified period, typically expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). This metric reflects a country’s ability to generate, distribute, and sustain energy resources for its population. Higher per capita power availability is often associated with robust infrastructure, industrial growth, and better access to basic amenities like healthcare, education, and communication. Conversely, low availability points to gaps in energy production or distribution, often resulting in energy poverty and slower socio-economic progress. Factors like population growth, advancements in renewable energy, and policies promoting efficient energy usage significantly influence this metric. Tracking per capita power availability is crucial for governments and policymakers to ensure sustainable energy access, meet development goals, and mitigate the adverse effects of energy inequalities.
The per capita power availability in India has shown substantial growth, increasing from 532.9 kWh in 2004-05 to 1221.0 kWh in 2022-23, reflecting significant improvements in power infrastructure and distribution. However, what’s particularly striking is the vast disparity among different states and union territories. Dadra & Nagar Haveli stands out with the highest per capita availability, reaching an impressive 29,103.7 kWh in 2022-23, primarily due to its small population and significant industrial presence.
The data reveals interesting patterns among industrialized states. Gujarat and Maharashtra, despite being industrial powerhouses, show moderate per capita availability (2,288.3 kWh and 1,659.3 kWh, respectively, in 2022-23), indicating efficient power usage despite their large populations. Union territories like Chandigarh and Puducherry consistently maintain high per capita availability (1,689.8 kWh and 2,450.1 kWh, respectively, in 2022-23) due to their smaller geographical area and population combined with good infrastructure.
There’s a notable north-south divide in per capita power availability. Southern states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Telangana show relatively higher per capita availability compared to populous northern states. Telangana, after its formation in 2014, has shown impressive growth, reaching 2,211.9 kWh per capita by 2022-23, indicating successful power sector reforms and infrastructure development.
The data highlights disparities in less developed states. Bihar, despite showing improvement from 78.0 kWh to 373.4 kWh over the period, still remains significantly below the national average. Similarly, Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, shows relatively low per capita availability (716.6 kWh in 2022-23), though it has nearly tripled from its 2004-05 levels.
Northeastern states present a mixed picture. While states like Sikkim and Meghalaya maintain relatively higher per capita availability (936.4 kWh and 752.7 kWh, respectively, in 2022-23), others like Assam (366.4 kWh) lag behind. However, most northeastern states show steady improvement over the years, reflecting the government’s focus on regional development.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is visible in the 2020-21 data, with many states showing a dip in per capita availability. However, the recovery has been robust, with most states showing strong growth in subsequent years. The national average crossing 1200 kWh per capita in 2022-23 marks a significant milestone in India’s power sector development, though it still remains below global standards, indicating room for further improvement.
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