Women’s participation in electoral politics refers to the extent to which women engage in the democratic process as candidates, measured primarily through two key indicators: the number of women contesting elections and the number of women elected to legislative bodies, such as national or state parliaments. These indicators reflect not only the presence of women in political spaces but also the broader level of gender inclusivity and equity in a nation’s political representation. The number of women contesting elections demonstrates the willingness and ability of women to enter the political arena, often influenced by sociocultural norms, access to resources, and political support. The number elected, on the other hand, indicates the actual success and acceptance of women leaders in the electoral process, revealing deeper systemic patterns related to gender bias, party support, and voter behaviour.

These indicators are highly relevant for assessing progress toward gender equality in governance. Greater representation of women in politics contributes to more inclusive policy-making, enhances democratic legitimacy, and ensures that diverse perspectives are integrated into national development agendas. In the context of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (gender equality) and Goal 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), increasing women’s political participation is not just a matter of fairness, but a strategic necessity for sustainable and equitable development.