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Government Hospitals refer to the healthcare institutions owned and operated by the government within a specific region or country. These hospitals provide medical services to the public, typically funded by government budgets, making healthcare more accessible, especially to underserved and economically disadvantaged populations. Government hospitals range from large tertiary care centres to smaller rural and district hospitals, offering a spectrum of services, including general medicine, surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics, and speciality care. The number of such hospitals is a key indicator of a nation’s healthcare infrastructure and capacity to provide public health services. It often reflects the government’s commitment to ensuring equitable access to medical care and is used to assess regional disparities in healthcare availability. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in health policy planning, resource allocation, and identifying areas where more healthcare facilities may be needed to meet population demands.
Karnataka reported the highest number of government hospitals (25,797), with a surprising distribution of 21,761 urban facilities compared to 4,036 rural ones, as most of the Indian states showed rural skew in the number of government hospitals. Large populous states in India showed varying approaches to hospital distribution. Uttar Pradesh reported 4,903 government hospitals with a strong rural focus (4,545 rural vs 358 urban), while Bihar recorded 2,132 hospitals (1,946 rural vs 186 urban). Jharkhand also showed an extreme rural emphasis, with 4,516 rural hospitals out of its total 4,589 facilities, reflecting efforts to serve its predominantly rural population. The hospital bed distribution reveals another dimension of healthcare capacity. Uttar Pradesh led with 74,440 beds, followed by Tamil Nadu (52,751 beds) and Kerala (38,097 beds). However, the bed distribution between rural and urban areas showed exciting patterns. There was a heavy urban skew in states like Karnataka, with 135,563 urban beds compared to 9,692 rural beds. Conversely, states like Gujarat showed a more balanced distribution, with 19,917 rural beds and 9,485 urban beds. Union territories showed expected urban concentration. Delhi registered 121 hospitals with 28,760 beds, all in urban areas. Chandigarh similarly reported 50 urban hospitals with 4,035 beds. Northeastern states generally showed lower absolute numbers but better rural coverage. Manipur recorded the lowest number of government hospitals (13) among entire states, while Arunachal Pradesh registered 218 hospitals with a strong rural presence (208 rural vs ten urban). This pattern reflects the region’s geographical challenges and dispersed population. The data also highlights gaps in some regions. Despite its large population, states like Maharashtra showed relatively fewer government hospitals (514) than other large states, though it reported 33,028 beds. This suggests a strategy of fewer but more extensive facilities. Similarly, Madhya Pradesh documented 465 hospitals but managed 31,106 beds, indicating larger average facility sizes.
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