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Aadhaar, India’s unique identification system, has revolutionized how citizens access services, making processes more streamlined and transparent. Aadhaar is a 12-digit number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) on behalf of the Government of India to identify individuals. Anywhere in India, it can be used for identification and address verification. Within the Aadhaar ecosystem, several indicators such as Aadhaar Generated, Aadhaar Updated, e-KYC Done, and Authentication Done play crucial roles in determining the system’s efficiency and effectiveness. These indicators are vital not only for the functioning of Aadhaar but also for businesses and government agencies leveraging the system.
Aadhaar is the largest biometric-based identification system in the world and a crucial component of the “Digital India” initiative. It can be verified online by a mobile OTP or a biometric utilising the Aadhaar authentication program. Once verified, Aadhaar can be used to validate income tax returns and identify recipients of subsidies, perks, and services. Additionally, it can be used to verify identity for employment, travel, and services like mobile SIM cards, bank accounts, and gas connections.
Aadhaar can be downloaded from the UIDAI website or ordered by mail through India Post. In September 2018, the Supreme Court affirmed the Aadhaar system’s legitimacy, but it also declared that obtaining a cellphone number, bank account, or education does not require it. Privacy concerns have also caused several civil liberties organisations to oppose the project.
The number of total Aadhaar IDs generated increased steadily over the decade, from 80.49 Cr. in 2014-15 to 137.96 Cr. by 2023-24. This represents a 71% increase, indicating substantial population coverage. The rate of new Aadhaar generation slowed in later years, suggesting the system was approaching saturation. Aadhaar updates saw exponential growth, rising from just 0.91 Cr. in 2014-15 to 92.24 Cr. in 2023-24 – at a CAGR of 67%. This trend highlights the system’s flexibility and the population’s engagement in keeping their information current. E-KYC (Electronic Know Your Customer) transactions exploded from 11.59 Cr. in 2014-15 to 1,887.39 Cr. in 2023-24, at a CAGR of 134%. This massive uptick reflects the growing integration of Aadhaar in various services and the digitalization of identity verification processes in India. Authentication transactions show the most dramatic rise, from 32.37 Cr. in 2014-15 to 11,134.91 Cr. in 2023-24 – at a CAGR of 165%. This exponential growth underscores Aadhaar’s central role in day-to-day transactions and government services, indicating its widespread acceptance and utility. The data demonstrates Aadhaar’s evolution from a simple identification system to a comprehensive digital identity platform deeply embedded in India’s administrative and economic fabric. The consistent growth across all metrics suggests increasing digital literacy, improved infrastructure and expanded use cases for Aadhaar over the past decade.
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