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Renewable power refers to electricity generated from naturally replenishing sources that have a lower environmental impact than conventional fossil fuels. These include wind power, such as electricity harnessed from turbines placed at 150 meters to capture high-altitude wind energy; small hydro power, which involves hydroelectric facilities typically under 25 MW utilizing the flow of smaller rivers or streams; and biomass power, produced by burning organic materials like agricultural waste, wood, or energy crops. A notable form of biomass energy is cogeneration using bagasse—the fibrous residue from sugarcane processing—to generate both heat and electricity. Solar energy, another key renewable source, converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. Additionally, large hydro power refers to traditional hydroelectric plants with capacities above 25 MW, relying on the energy of water stored in large dams.
Western States (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra) possess the highest wind power potential, with Rajasthan alone accounting for over 284,250 MW. These states also have significant solar potential due to high solar insolation levels. Southern States (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) show balanced renewable portfolios with substantial wind, solar, and hydro potential. Karnataka stands out with excellent small hydro resources (3,726 MW). Northern Himalayan States (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir) have large hydro potential due to their mountainous terrain and river systems. Arunachal Pradesh alone has an estimated 50,394 MW of large hydro potential. Eastern States generally have lower renewable potential, with some exceptions like Odisha’s solar (25,780 MW) and large hydro (2,825 MW) resources.
Wind Power: The western and southern coastal regions show exceptional wind power potential, with the top three states (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra) accounting for approximately 638,908 MW, or roughly 58% of the total national wind potential. Solar Energy: While desert states like Rajasthan (142,310 MW) lead in solar energy potential, northern mountainous regions like Jammu & Kashmir (111,050 MW) also show surprisingly high potential, likely due to high altitude and clear atmospheric conditions. Biomass and Cogeneration resources are concentrated in agricultural states, with Uttar Pradesh leading in cogeneration (4,926 MW) due to its extensive sugarcane industry, while Punjab shows strong biomass potential (3,022 MW) from its agricultural residues. The distribution of Hydropower follows mountainous terrain patterns, with Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand collectively possessing over 82,000 MW of large hydro potential.
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