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An OCI (Overseas Citizenship of India) card is a special immigration status granted by the Government of India to eligible foreign citizens of Indian origin. Created in 2005 as part of amendments to the Citizenship Act, the OCI scheme serves as a lifelong visa and provides a form of permanent residency status to people of Indian heritage living abroad. While not constituting actual dual citizenship (which India’s constitution prohibits), OCI status offers numerous benefits including visa-free travel to India, rights to work and study without additional permits, the ability to own property (except agricultural land), and parity with resident Indians in matters related to education, economic opportunities, and financial services. The OCI program represents India’s effort to maintain meaningful connections with its global diaspora—estimated at over 32 million people worldwide—by offering them a formal relationship with their ancestral homeland while acknowledging their citizenship in their adopted countries. OCI status is particularly valuable for former Indian citizens who have naturalized elsewhere and for descendants of Indian origin up to the fourth generation.
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