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Population refers to a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a particular geographic region. In human contexts, the population often pertains to the number of people residing in a particular area, whether a city, country or the world as a whole. However, the definition of population extends beyond mere numbers. It includes the demographic characteristics of individuals, such as age, gender, education, employment, health, and ethnicity. Each attribute has significant implications for understanding population dynamics and how populations grow, shrink, and change over time.
India’s total population grew from about 361 million in 1951 to 1.21 billion in 2011, representing a 235% increase over 60 years. The data reveals significant population growth and distribution variations among states and union territories. Uttar Pradesh consistently remained the most populous state, growing from 60 million in 1951 to nearly 200 million in 2011. Maharashtra and Bihar followed as the second and third most populous states in 2011, with 112 million and 104 million people, respectively. Some states and union territories experienced remarkably rapid growth. Delhi’s population increased nearly tenfold from 1.7 million in 1951 to 16.8 million in 2011, reflecting its status as a significant urban centre and migration destination. Similarly, Haryana’s population grew from 5.7 million to 25.4 million due to its proximity to Delhi and economic development. The northeastern states, while having smaller populations, also saw significant growth. Nagaland’s population increased more than nine-fold, from 213,000 in 1951 to 1.98 million in 2011. Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Uttarakhand, which were carved out in 2000, showed distinct population trends. Their separation from their parent states (Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, respectively) was reflected in the population figures from 2001 onwards, highlighting India’s political and administrative changes during this period. Notably, while all states and union territories experienced population growth, the rates varied considerably. Kerala, for instance, showed a slower growth rate in later decades, likely due to its demographic transition characterized by lower fertility rates.
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