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Population density refers to the number of people living per unit of land area, commonly measured in persons per square kilometre or square mile. It provides insight into how human populations are distributed across different regions. The significance of population density extends beyond its essential numerical value, impacting several aspects of society and the environment. High population density in urban areas can lead to challenges such as overcrowding and increased demand for infrastructure, housing, healthcare, and social services. It also influences economic development, as densely populated areas tend to have greater access to markets and labour but may face issues like congestion and pollution. Conversely, low population density often characterizes rural or remote areas where access to services, economic opportunities, and infrastructure might be limited, affecting quality of life and economic growth. Moreover, population density is central to urban planning and resource allocation. Governments and planners use density metrics to make informed decisions about infrastructure development, zoning, transportation networks, and environmental sustainability. Thus, understanding population density helps address the balance between population growth, resource management, and environmental conservation.
In 1951, India’s population density was only 117 people per square kilometre. In 1961, the density rose to 142 people per square kilometre, an increase of about 21% in just ten years. This trend continued as the density reached to 177 in 1971, showing a further 25% increase from the previous decade. The 1981 census revealed a density of 216 people per square kilometre, indicating a 22% rise from 1971. The 1991 census marked a significant milestone, as the population density crossed the 250 mark to reach 267 people per square kilometre. This represents a 24% increase from 1981 and an overall increase of 128% since 1951. The density further rose to 325 people per square kilometre in 2001, a 22% increase from 1991. In the last census of 2011, India’s population density reached to 382 people per square kilometre, marking a 17.5% increase from 2001 and a staggering 226% increase from 1951.
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