Gross National Income (GNI) measures the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country over a specific period, typically one fiscal year. It includes the domestic output (GDP) and net income earned from abroad, such as remittances, profits, dividends, and interest received from overseas investments, minus similar payments made to foreign entities. GNI reflects a nation’s overall economic capacity and income-generating power, encompassing both domestic and international economic engagement. Net National Income (NNI), on the other hand, adjusts GNI by subtracting depreciation, which accounts for the wear and tear or obsolescence of fixed assets. NNI provides a clearer picture of sustainable income that is available for consumption and reinvestment, offering a more realistic assessment of a country’s economic health and standard of living.