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The decadal growth rate represents the percentage change in the population size between two census periods, typically ten years. It is calculated by comparing the population at the beginning of the decade with the population at the end. The formula for calculating the decadal growth rate is straightforward:
Decadal Growth Rate =(Population at the end of the decade−Population at the start of the decade)/ (Population at the beginning of the decade)×100
This formula helps us quantify the increase or decrease in population over a specific decade. A positive growth rate indicates population expansion, while a negative rate signals a decline. Decadal growth rate is beneficial for long-term infrastructure, healthcare, education, and employment planning.
The decadal growth rate of India’s population increased from 21.51% in 1951-1961 to a peak of 24.8% in 1961-1971. In the 1971-1981 decade, the growth rate remained high at 24.66%, only marginally lower than the previous decade. The 1981-1991 decade saw a modest decline in the growth rate to 23.87%. The trend of declining growth rates continued in the 1991-2001 decade as well, as the rate further dropped to 21.54%. The most significant decline was observed in the 2001-2011 decade. During this decade, the growth rate fell to 17.7%. Overall, a gradual but steady demographic transition was observed in India from 1951 to 2011. The country moved from high growth rates in the post-independence period to more moderate growth by the early 21st century.
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