India’s Central Government Receipts: A story of remarkable economic transformation

Central government receipts refer to all the income collected by the central government of a country. These receipts are a crucial part of the government’s fiscal management, providing the necessary funds to finance public expenditures, which include infrastructure development, social welfare programs, defence, and other essential services. Understanding the various components of central government receipts and how they are utilized offers valuable insights into how a government manages its resources to drive economic growth and social welfare.

In 1970-71, the total amount generated by central government receipt was Rs. 5,339 crore. Fast forward to 2023-24, and this figure has skyrocketed to an impressive Rs. 45,14,884 crore, marking an astronomical increase of about 846 times over 53 years. This exponential growth reflects inflation and the substantial expansion of India’s economy, improvements in tax collection mechanisms, and the broadening of the government’s revenue base. The growth trajectory, however, has not been uniform throughout this period. The 1970s and early 1980s saw relatively steady but modest growth in receipts. A noticeable acceleration began in the mid-1980s, coinciding with early economic liberalization efforts. The real turning point came in the early 1990s, following the landmark economic reforms of 1991. Post-liberalization, there’s a clear, steep upward trend in government receipts, indicative of India’s rapid economic expansion and integration into the global economy.

The total receipts crossed the Rs. 1 lakh crore mark for the first time in 1991-92, symbolizing India’s entry into a new economic era. It took about 15 years to reach the Rs. 5 lakh crore milestone in 2006-07. The pace then accelerated dramatically, with receipts doubling to cross Rs. 10 lakh crore by 2009-10, just three years later. The Rs. 20 lakh crore mark was surpassed in 2016-17, and by 2023-24, the figure had more than doubled again. The last decade has been particularly remarkable, from 2013-14 to 2023-24. Total receipts have nearly tripled during this period, growing from Rs. 15,78,618 crore to Rs. 45,14,884 crore. This rapid growth reflects India’s position as one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world during this period.

The major economic events significantly impacted India’s fiscal ecosystem during this period. For instance, there’s a noticeable slowdown in the growth rate of receipts in 2019-20 and 2020-21, likely reflecting the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the resilience of the Indian economy is evident in the swift recovery and continued growth in subsequent years. The consistent year-on-year increase in government receipts, barring a few exceptions, indicates a growing economy and an expanding tax base. It also suggests improvements in tax compliance and collection efficiency over the years. The growth in recent years also points to the impact of significant policy measures, such as implementing the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017, which aimed to streamline the tax structure and improve revenue collection.

From a developing economy in the 1970s to its current status as a global economic powerhouse, India’s journey is clearly reflected in the exponential growth of its government receipts. While challenges remain, including ensuring equitable growth and managing fiscal pressures, the overall trend points to a robust and rapidly expanding economy. As India continues its economic journey, maintaining this growth momentum in government receipts will be crucial for funding development initiatives, infrastructure projects, and social welfare programs, ultimately contributing to the nation’s progress and prosperity.

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About Author

Pankaj Chowdhury is a former Research Assistant at the International Economic Association. He holds a Master’s degree in Demography & Biostatistics from the International Institute for Population Sciences and a Bachelor’s degree in Statistics from Visva-Bharati University. His primary research interests focus on exploring new dimensions of in computational social science and digital demography.

Akash Dey is a former Sales Executive at Alpine Health. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) from B.P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology. His key areas of expertise include Decision-Making, Communication, Market Research, Product Marketing, Business Development, and Marketing Strategy.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of 360 Analytika.

Acknowledgement: The author extends his gratitude to the Reserve Bank of India for providing data support.

This article is posted by Sahil Shekh, Editor-in-Chief at 360 Analytika.