Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is one of the most important pillars in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, transforming the disease from a life-threatening condition into a manageable chronic illness. ART involves the use of a combination of antiretroviral drugs that suppress the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within the body, reducing the viral load to undetectable levels. This not only improves the quality of life and life expectancy of individuals living with HIV but also significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission to others. Early initiation of ART is critical and is recommended for all individuals diagnosed with HIV, regardless of their CD4 count or clinical stage, as it helps prevent disease progression and opportunistic infections. The therapy typically combines drugs from different classes to prevent drug resistance, which can occur if the virus adapts to a single medication. Despite its proven effectiveness, access to ART remains uneven, with barriers such as stigma, limited healthcare infrastructure, and socio-economic factors hindering widespread availability in many low- and middle-income countries. Recent advancements, including long-acting injectables and simplified treatment regimens, aim to enhance adherence and accessibility. Global health initiatives continue to prioritize ART scale-up, as achieving universal coverage is essential to ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic and meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.