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The availability of power refers to the capacity and reliability of a nation’s energy supply to meet the demands of households, industries, and other sectors. It encompasses electricity generation, transmission, and distribution systems, reflecting a country’s energy infrastructure and its ability to ensure uninterrupted access to power. A consistent and adequate power supply is critical for economic growth, industrial productivity, and improving living standards. It supports essential services like healthcare, education, transportation, and communication while also fostering innovation and technology adoption. However, challenges such as ageing infrastructure, dependency on non-renewable resources, and unequal distribution often limit power availability. Efforts to enhance power availability involve investments in renewable energy sources, grid modernization, and policies promoting energy efficiency. Ensuring equitable and sustainable access to power is vital for bridging development gaps, achieving energy security, and addressing environmental concerns linked to fossil fuel dependency.
The power availability in India has shown remarkable growth over the past two decades, with the total nationwide availability increasing from 54,812 crore units in 2004-05 to 150,426 crore units in 2022-23, representing nearly a threefold increase. Maharashtra has consistently remained the leading state in power availability, growing from 8,154 crore units to 18,646 crore units, followed closely by Gujarat, which demonstrated impressive growth from 5,272 to 13,792 crore units during the same period.
A significant development in the data is the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, reflected from 2014-15 onwards. While Andhra Pradesh’s numbers decreased post-bifurcation, the combined power availability of both states shows substantial growth, indicating improved electrification in the region. The northern states, particularly Uttar Pradesh, have shown remarkable improvement, with UP’s power availability increasing from 4,157 to 14,305 crore units, reflecting both industrial growth and better rural electrification.
The data reveals an apparent disparity between larger industrial states and smaller states/union territories. While states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, UP, and Tamil Nadu show high power availability, northeastern states like Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland have significantly lower figures, though they, too, have shown gradual improvement. This disparity largely correlates with industrial development and population density.
Interestingly, the data shows resilience during the 2020-21 period, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. While there was a slight dip in power availability across many states during this period, the recovery was quick, with most states showing strong growth in subsequent years. Bihar stands out for its consistent growth trajectory, increasing from 648 crore units to 3,876 crore units, indicating significant infrastructure development and improved electrification.
The most recent years (2021-22 and 2022-23) show accelerated growth in power availability across most states, with the national figure jumping from 137,402 to 150,426 crore units, suggesting increased industrial activity and power infrastructure development. States like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh have shown robust growth in recent years, with Rajasthan crossing the 10,000 crore units mark in 2022-23, reflecting the impact of renewable energy initiatives and industrial development.
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