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Data Intelligence Report
Fruits, Vegetables and Grains:
How India’s Cropland Is Shifting
State-wise area under fruits, vegetables and foodgrains, and fruit production, 2004-05 to 2024-25. Horticulture is growing far faster than grain, and fruit orchards are producing much more per hectare.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare (Tables 71–74)
Fruit production
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Fruit yield
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Area under fruits
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Area under vegetables
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Horticulture’s share of area
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Horticulture Outpaced Grain
All-India area under each crop group, index 2004-05 = 100
The drop in fruit area in 2014-15 mostly reflects Maharashtra’s fruit area halving in the source that year (1,565 to 742 thousand ha), which looks like a revision. 2024-25 fruits and vegetables are third advance estimates.
More Fruit From Each Hectare
All-India fruit production (million tonnes) and yield (tonnes per hectare)
Yield = production ÷ area (calculated). Part of the yield jump in 2014-15 comes from the lower fruit area reported that year.
Map
Hover for values; click a State for its profile.
Up to 2013-14 Andhra Pradesh includes Telangana, so it also colours Telangana (dashed outline). Ladakh is shown with Jammu & Kashmir. Delhi, Goa and Puducherry have foodgrain data only; UTs left dark are not in the source. Map: State boundaries from the DataMeet India community (CC BY 4.0), consistent with the official boundary of India as per the Survey of India; simplified for display, not to scale.
Ranking
Orchard Size vs Productivity
Fruit area (x) and fruit yield (y) by State
Dot size = fruit production. The dashed line is the all-India yield. Yields depend heavily on the fruit grown (bananas and papaya yield far more tonnes per hectare than apples or nuts), so compare States with care. States with under 10 thousand ha of fruit are left out.
The Fruit Bowls
Share of India’s fruit production from the six largest producers, %
Andhra Pradesh includes Telangana up to 2013-14, so its share drops in 2014-15. The six largest producers in the selected year (plus the profile State).
How Each State Uses Its Cropland
Share of fruit, vegetable and foodgrain area
Of the combined area under these three crop groups only (other crops such as oilseeds, cotton and sugarcane are not included). The 20 States with the largest combined area, plus the profile State. Sorted by horticulture share.
Who Grew Fastest?
State Profile
One State’s fruits, vegetables and grains
State Table
Click a heading to sort · click a row for its profile
Areas in thousand hectares, production in thousand tonnes, yield in tonnes per hectare. n/a = not available or not in the source. 2024-25 fruits and vegetables are third advance estimates.
Key Findings
Fruit output up 2.4 times
Fruit production rose from 49 to 119 million tonnes between 2004-05 and 2024-25, while fruit area grew 44%. Yield climbed from 9.9 to 16.6 tonnes per hectare.
Vegetables spread fastest
Vegetable area grew 73% (6.8 to 11.7 million ha), against 15% for foodgrains. Fruits and vegetables now take 12.1% of the combined area of the three groups, up from 8.9%.
New fruit bowls in the heartland
Madhya Pradesh’s fruit output grew more than ninefold (1.1 to 10.2 million tonnes) and Uttar Pradesh’s sixfold (2.3 to 14.7). Maharashtra’s share fell from 21.5% to 14.2%; Andhra Pradesh now leads with 16.3%.
West Bengal’s vegetable belt
West Bengal has the most vegetable area (13.5% of India), followed by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh also has the highest fruit yield, 25 tonnes per hectare.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India: State-wise area of total foodgrains (Table 71), area of total fruits (72), area of total vegetables (73) and production of total fruits (74), 2004-05 to 2024-25; 2024-25 fruits and vegetables are third advance estimates. Notes: The source has no vegetable production table. Fruit yield and horticulture share are calculated here; horticulture share = (fruit + vegetable area) ÷ (fruit + vegetable + foodgrain area). In the source “-” means not available and “.” not applicable. Up to 2013-14 Andhra Pradesh includes Telangana (Telangana’s figures, where listed separately, are added back), so the series is consistent; growth is not shown for the two States separately. The source notes that State figures may not add up to the All-India totals. Oddities left as reported: All-India vegetable area for 2008-09 (6,993) is about 936 thousand ha below the sum of the States (7,929), and well below the years either side; Maharashtra’s fruit area halves in 2014-15 (1,565 to 742); Telangana’s fruit area and production halve in 2016-17; Uttarakhand’s fruit area halves in 2022-23; Kerala’s fruit area and production double in 2005-06; Andhra Pradesh’s vegetable area doubles in 2010-11 to 2012-13 and falls back; Himachal Pradesh’s fruit production swings widely from year to year (typical of apple orchards); Manipur’s figures halve in 2024-25.
