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Data Intelligence Report

Heat Waves & Cold Waves:
India, 2012–2024

Average number of heat-wave and cold-wave days per year in each State, from the India Meteorological Department via EnviStats India 2025. See where extremes hit hardest and which way each State is heading.

Source: EnviStats India 2025, MoSPI (IMD data)
Measure
Year
Average days per State
–
Most affected State
–
States with 10+ days
–
Total State-days
–
Sum of average days across reporting States
National trend, 2012–2024
–
days per decade (straight-line fit)
Map
Each square is a State or UT, placed roughly where it sits. Click a square to open its profile.
Tile map
A tile map shows every State at the same size, so small States are as visible as large ones. It is a schematic, not a boundary map. Dashed squares have no data. Ladakh is reported together with Jammu & Kashmir for cold waves.
Ranking
Days, by State
Ranking
Heat vs Cold Waves Over Time
Average days per reporting State, with straight-line trends
Trend
Heat-wave averages cover 19 States and cold-wave averages 23 States. Dotted lines are straight-line trends.
Which Way Is Each State Heading?
Trend in days per decade, 2012–2024
Direction
Straight-line trend over 13 years, scaled to 10 years. Thirteen years is short and the series are volatile, so read these as direction, not forecasts.
State Profile
Heat-wave and cold-wave days for one State, every year
Profile
Days by State and Year
States sorted by 13-year total · the selected year is outlined
Calendar
Exposed to Both Extremes
Average heat-wave days vs average cold-wave days per year, 2012–2024 · the 19 States with both series
Both
States towards the top right face both long heat waves and frequent cold waves. The gold diamond is the State selected in the profile.
State Summary Table
Click a heading to sort · search by name
Full Dataset
Total = sum of yearly averages, 2012–2024. Trend = days per decade from a straight-line fit. n/a = State not covered by that series.
Key Findings
🌡️

Heat waves come in bad years

The national average swings rather than rising steadily: 10.6 days in 2012, 1.5 in 2021, then 10.0 in 2022 and 10.5 in 2024. The straight-line trend over 2012–2024 is close to flat (−0.3 days per decade).

🔥

The north-west is heating up

Heat-wave days are rising in Haryana (+5.4 per decade), Delhi (+3.8), Rajasthan (+3.1) and Punjab (+1.8), and falling in Telangana (−5.7), Andhra Pradesh (−4.4) and Odisha (−4.1). In 2024 Punjab and Uttarakhand each recorded 22 days.

❄️

Cold waves are fading

Average cold-wave days fell from 6.2 in 2012 to 1.7 in 2024, about 2.2 fewer days per decade. Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana fell fastest. Jammu & Kashmir bucked the trend with 12 days in 2024.

⚖️

Haryana faces both extremes

Haryana averages 9.5 heat-wave days and 7.7 cold-wave days a year, the highest combined exposure of any State. It also has the most cold-wave days overall (100 across 13 years). Rajasthan leads on heat, with 157.

Source: ENVISTATS India 2025: Environment Statistics, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India; Tables 103 and 104 (data from the India Meteorological Department). Notes: Values are the average number of heat-wave or cold-wave days in the year for each State. Jammu & Kashmir relates to the UTs of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. Himachal Pradesh has no cold-wave figure for 2019. The tile map is schematic and does not depict boundaries.
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