Stunting, wasting, and underweight are key indicators for measuring malnutrition among children under 5 years old, reflecting chronic and acute deficiencies in nutrition and health. Stunting indicates impaired growth and development due to prolonged nutritional deprivation and repeated infections, leading to a low height-for-age ratio. Wasting reflects acute malnutrition, characterized by a low weight-for-height ratio, often caused by insufficient food intake or illness. Underweight is a composite measure, indicating low weight-for-age, encompassing chronic and acute malnutrition. These conditions can have severe long-term consequences on physical and cognitive development, making them key targets in global health and nutrition programs.